Oceans could swell nearly SEVEN FEET by 2100 and wipe out the homes of almost 200 million people, new study warns

• New study analysed effects of melting ice sheets in Greenland and the Antarctic
• Says protection strategies should consider sea level rise will exceed 2m (6.56 ft)
• Adaptation measures include infrastructure changes, such as ocean defenses

The oceans could swell nearly seven feet by the end of the century - destroying the homes of almost 200 million people, according to new research.

It would wipe out over a million square miles of farming and other food producing lands - having 'profound consequences for humanity.'

This is over twice as much as previous 'doomsday' predictions - suggesting the world really is facing a global warming 'apocalypse.'

The shock finding is based on a technique called structured expert judgment (SEJ) that pooled the knowledge of 22 climate change specialists.

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Forecasts remain challenging owing to uncertainties regarding the fate of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. The latest analysis suggests oceans could swell nearly seven feet by the end of the century - destroying the homes of almost 200 million people

It builds a rational - rather than political - consensus by accounting for both uncertainties and diversity of opinions or perspectives.

In the first study of its kind the international team found protection strategies should consider future sea level rise (SLR) will exceed 2 metres (6.56 ft).

Lead author Professor Jonathan Bamber, of Bristol University's School of Geographical Sciences, said: 'Such a rise in global sea level could result in land loss of 1.79 million square kilometres (1.1 million square miles).

'This includes critical regions of food production - and potential displacement of up to 187 million people.'

He added: 'An SLR of this magnitude would clearly have profound consequences for humanity.'

The study, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, analysed melting ice sheets in Greenland and the Antarctic - and the resulting sea level rise.

It provides the most accurate understanding to date of their effect - with SLR posing a threat to coastal communities and ecosystems, said the researchers.

This will help in implementing adaptation strategies that require 'quantitative projections' of future SLR based on numerical facts.Such forecasts remain challenging owing to uncertainties regarding the fate of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets.

There are two main policy responses to climate change - mitigation and adaptation.

The former addresses the root causes by reducing greenhouse emissions while the latter seeks to lower the risks posed by the consequences.

Humans have been adapting to their environments throughout history by developing practices, cultures and livelihoods suited to local conditions.

These range from the Mediterranean siesta to the Vietnamese practice of building homes on stilts to protect against monsoonal rains.

Greenland glacier one of the reasons for rising global sea levels

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But climate change raises the possibility existing societies will experience shifts in temperature, storm frequency and flooding on an unprecedented scale.

Adaptation measures include large-scale infrastructure changes – such as building ocean defences.

So Prof Bamber and colleagues asked the panel to provide plausible ranges for future ice accumulation, discharge and surface run-off for each of the Greenland, West Antarctic and East Antarctic ice sheets.

This was under both low and high global temperature rise scenarios.

Prof Bamber said: 'SEJ provides a formal approach for estimating uncertain quantities based on current scientific understanding, and can be useful for estimating quantities that are difficult to model.

'Projections of total global SLR using this method yielded a small but meaningful probability of SLR exceeding two metres by the year 2100 under the high temperature scenario.

'This was roughly equivalent to 'business as usual' and well above the 'likely' upper limit presented in the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).'

That warned of a maximum 98 cm (3.2 ft) rise by 2100. Even this which would threaten the survival of coastal cities and entire island nations.

Prof Bamber and colleagues say communities should not rule out a 21st-century SLR above two metres when developing adaptation strategies.

The study also provided an opportunity for experts to discuss their scientific rationales for the quantitative judgments they make on uncertainties relating to future ice sheet contributions to sea level.

This unique approach also served to identify some poorly understood but potentially critical processes, such as 'marine ice cliff instability', which may act in future as significant tipping points in ice sheet response to temperature rise.

Co-author Professor Willy Aspinall, from Bristol's School of Earth Sciences, added: 'It's hoped the results can provide decision-makers with greater awareness of potential high-end SLR, which is crucial for robust decision making.

'Limiting attention to the 'likely' range, as was the case in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, may be misleading and will likely lead to a poor evaluation of the true risks.'

WHAT WOULD SEA LEVEL RISES MEAN FOR COASTAL CITIES?

Global sea levels could rise as much as 10ft (3 metres) if the Thwaites Glacier in West Antarctica collapses. 

Sea level rises threaten cities from Shanghai to London, to low-lying swathes of Florida or Bangladesh, and to entire nations such as the Maldives. 

In the UK, for instance, a rise of 6.7ft (2 metres) or more may cause areas such as Hull, Peterborough, Portsmouth and parts of east London and the Thames Estuary at risk of becoming submerged.

The collapse of the glacier, which could begin with decades, could also submerge major cities such as New York and Sydney.

Parts of New Orleans, Houston and Miami in the south on the US would also be particularly hard hit.

A 2014 study looked by the union of concerned scientists looked at 52 sea level indicators in communities across the US.

It found tidal flooding will dramatically increase in many East and Gulf Coast locations, based on a conservative estimate of predicted sea level increases based on current data.

The results showed that most of these communities will experience a steep increase in the number and severity of tidal flooding events over the coming decades.

By 2030, more than half of the 52 communities studied are projected to experience, on average, at least 24 tidal floods per year in exposed areas, assuming moderate sea level rise projections. Twenty of these communities could see a tripling or more in tidal flooding events.

The mid-Atlantic coast is expected to see some of the greatest increases in flood frequency. Places such as Annapolis, Maryland and Washington, DC can expect more than 150 tidal floods a year, and several locations in New Jersey could see 80 tidal floods or more.

In the UK, a two metre (6.5 ft) rise by 2040 would see large parts of Kent almost completely submerged, according to the results of a paper published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science in November 2016.

Areas on the south coast like Portsmouth, as well as Cambridge and Peterborough would also be heavily affected.

Cities and towns around the Humber estuary, such as Hull, Scunthorpe and Grimsby would also experience intense flooding.